Derains & Gharavi is ranked 19th in the top 30 of the most highly rated global international arbitration practices. The ranking was revealed by Global Arbitration Review at the GAR Awards dinner held in Paris on 12 February 2014.
Derains & Gharavi has been retained by the company Kilic Insaat in the annulment proceeding of the award rendered in the case Kilic Insaat Ithalat Ihracat Sanayi ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi v Turkmenistan (ICSID Case No. ARB/10/1). In an article dated 5 February 2014 on that case, GAR reports the following:
“A Turkish construction company that lost an ICSID claim against Turkmenistan for failing to observe a local courts requirement has instructed new counsel in its bid to have the award overturned.
In its annulment application dated 13 January, Kilic Insaat alleges that the tribunal relied on an incorrect translation of a bilateral investment treaty when it ruled last July that the dispute should first have gone to the Turkmen courts.
The company has retained Derains & Gharavi for the annulment proceeding, with partner Hamid Gharavi acting as lead counsel. In the arbitration, it used London-based public international law boutique Volterra Fietta and Turkey’s Çetinel Law Firm.
In its annulment application, Kilic accuses the tribunal of manifestly exceeding its power by disregarding the language of the Turkey-Turkmenistan BIT and the intent of the signatory parties, and by not interpreting the BIT in accordance with the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties.
The company also accuses the tribunal of imposing jurisdictional requirements that did not exist under the applicable law, of failing to state reasons for its decisions, and of committing a serious departure from a fundamental rule of procedure.
As previously reported in GAR, a tribunal chaired by Canadian J William Rowley QC rejected jurisdiction over Kilic Insaat’s claims in July, holding that it had failed to first submit its dispute to local courts as required under the Turkey-Turkmenistan BIT.
The panel also ordered Kilic to pay Turkmenistan US$1 million to cover half of the “reasonable” legal costs associated with the case, as well as 75 per cent of the arbitrator fees and administrative costs relating to a May 2012 partial award on the authenticity of different versions of the BIT.
In its annulment application, Kilic argues that the tribunal relied on an incorrect English-language translation and interpretation of the “authentic” Russian version of the BIT, which was provided by Turkmenistan’s translator; and the opinion of a Turkish linguistics expert who was not a native English speaker. According to Kilic, the translation and opinion provide a mandatory requirement that the dispute be heard in local courts before initiating arbitration, while the “authentic” English and Russian versions of the BIT provide that the dispute can go to arbitration even if the investor has not submitted the case to local courts and a final award was not rendered within one year.
In other words, Kilic argues that the presence of the word “if” in the dispute resolution clause shows that the BIT’s signatories intended to give an option to the investor either to have direct recourse to international arbitration, or to bring the dispute before the local courts.
The claimant refers to the translator and linguistics expert as “hired guns” of Turkmenistan and suggests that the tribunal relied on their opinions simply to make the BIT “more correct and elegant from a grammatical point of view.”
Moreover, Kilic alleges that Turkmenistan failed to submit any documentary or testimonial proof that Turkey and Turkmenistan intended to impose a mandatory recourse to local courts, while the claimants submitted three documents evidencing Turkey’s intent for optional recourse to local courts. Kilic argues the tribunal exceeded its powers and departed from a fundamental rule of procedure by placing the burden of proof on the claimant, rather than the state.
“It is extraordinary that both contemporaneous and contemporary evidence in relation to the Turkish State’s intent and interpretations moreover given by the competent Turkish state organ […] was given no or very little value,” reads the annulment application.
The application also compares the linguistic similarities between the Turkey-Turkmenistan BIT and Turkey’s other BITs, particularly those signed with Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. Kilic notes that the ICSID tribunals in the Rumeli and Sistem cases, brought by Turkish investors against Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan respectively, did not find that these other BITs contained a mandatory recourse to local courts. The company also argues that Turkey’s intent for optional recourse to local courts in its BITs is evidenced by the fact that Turkey has never relied on mandatory recourse as a jurisdictional defence when it is the respondent in investment treaty cases.
Turkmenistan continues to be represented by a team from GAR 30 firm Curtis Mallet-Prevost Colt & Mosle, as well as Yurttutan Gürel Yörüker Law Firm in Turkey.
Curtis partner Peter Wolrich says, “Turkmenistan firmly maintains that the distinguished tribunal rendered an exceptionally well reasoned award, correctly applied the law and did not exceed its powers. This will be fully demonstrated in the course of the annulment proceedings.”
Hamid Gharavi will chair the interactive session on “Ethics in international arbitration: how to protect the integrity of the arbitral proceeding?” and Yves Derains will chair two sessions during the ICC’s 2nd Annual Conference on International Arbitration in the Middle East and North Africa, in Dubai on 10-12 March 2014.